1 Water Pollution Presentation on theme: 'Water Pollution.'— Presentation transcript:
2 3 Water Pollution Overview 4 The Chesapeake Bay Ppt Presentation on Pollution which is created by Hina Hashmi and available for free download Pollution powerpoint presentation. This site uses cookies to deliver our services and to show you relevant ads and presentations. PPT – Water and Water Pollution PowerPoint presentation| free to download - id: 2a82f-YTQ5Z. Pollution PowerPoint Template is a free template for PowerPoint that you can use for anti pollution presentations in PowerPoint or Keynote. The template for pollution presentations can be used freely and this could be combined with green templates to encourage companies and industries to use green energy instead of petroleum. 5 Chesapeake Bay The largest Estuary in the US 6 Bay contains an abundance of 7 Chesapeake Bay 2000 Chesapeake Bay Action Plan 8 The BasicsWater Pollution: Any chemical, biological or physical change in water quality that has a harmful effect on living organisms (including humans!) or makes it unusable for agriculturePoint Sources - Discharge pollution from specific locations (single point). EASY TO MONITOR/REGULATEFactories, power plants, oil wellsNon-Point Sources - Scattered or diffuse, having no specific location of discharge. HARDER TO CONTROL!!Agricultural fields, feedlots, golf courses 9 Point sourceNon Point 10 15_21.JPG Figure 15-21 Title: Freshwater pollution sources. Caption: 11 Major Water Pollutants 12 Water Quality Indicators 13 TemperatureWhat is measured – the temperature (oC or oF) of the water body. Should change according to hydrology and season.How to measure – use a thermometerDesired range – varies depending on location, but should fit the range of tolerance of native species and change seasonally as appropriate to the regionImpacted by – stream flow and lake depth, thermal pollution from industry or power plants, turbidity level 14 pHWhat is measured – the concentration of H+ ions. Indicates how acidic or basic the water is.How to measure – use a pH probe or litmus paperDesired range – most species can survive between 5 and 8Impacted by – acid rain, acid mine drainage, buffering capacity, geology of the watershedpH = -log[H+] 15 Nitrate (NO3-)What is measured – the concentration (ppm) of nitrate ions. Indicates how nutrient rich the water is.How to measure – use a digital probe or a nitrate titration kitDesired range – less than 1 ppmImpacted by – agricultural runoff, fertilizers, feedlots, sewage treatment plants 16 Phosphate (PO43-)What is measured – the concentration (ppm) of phosphate ions. Indicates how nutrient rich the water is.How to measure – use a digital probe or a phosphate test kitDesired range – less than 0.1 ppmImpacted by – agricultural runoff, fertilizers, detergents 17 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)What is measured – the concentration (ppm or mg/L) of oxygen dissolved in the water. Indicative of the amount of life the water can support.How to measure – use a digital probe or a DO test kitDesired range – above 6 ppmImpacted by – temperature, photosynthesis, nutrient levels, turbidity, organic wastes 18 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 19 Fecal ColiformWhat is measured – the number of bacteria colonies present in the sample.Indicator species - Indicates the presence of bacterial pathogens in the water.How to measure – place a 1 mL of of water on a agar petri dish. Incubate for hours. Count bacteria colonies.Desired range –Drinking water 0/100 mLswimming <200/100 mLnaturally present in ecosystemsImpacted by – animal waste, sewage 20 TurbidityWhat is measured – the amount of light that can pass through water. Indicates the amount of dissolved solids in the water.How to measure – Collect a sample and use a turbidity meter, compare to known samples, lower a Secchi disk and record depth at which it can be seen.Desired rangeDrinking water <1 NTUEcosystem < 5 NTU over backgroundImpacted by – sediment, flooding, animal waste, sewage, riparian habitat, land disturbances, nutrients For your search query Dlow Dlow Shuffle Official MP3 we have found 10593 songs matching your query but showing only top 20 results. Now we recommend. Download and Convert the Dlow shuffle to MP3 and MP4 for free. Many videos of the Dlow shuffle. Dlow shuffle song free mp3 download. Check out The Dlow Shuffle by IAmDLOW on Amazon Music. Start your 30-day free trial of Unlimited to listen to this song plus tens of. Add to MP3 Cart. Dlow The Bop King - Dlow Shuffle music MP3 album at CD Universe, enjoy top rated service and worldwide shipping. Dlow Shuffle songs Product Information. Check out Dlow Shuffle, Pt. 2 by BopKing Dlow on Amazon Music. Your 30-day free trial of Unlimited to listen to this album plus tens of millions more songs. 21 Macroinvertebrates / Species Diversity 22 Fish Species Intolerant of Pollution Tolerant of Pollution 23 Emerging Contaminants 24 Types of Water Pollution 25 NutrientsSources - agricultural runoff (fertilizer, feedlots), detergents (P only), disturbed soil, products of decompositionEffects – Eutrophication nutrients ↑, algae grows, blocks sunlight, dies and decomposes, O2 ↓Dead zonesIndicators -Elevated N and P levelsDecreased DO levels, increased BOD levelsCloudy water: resembles pea soup from algae and cyanobacteriaReduction - reduce runoff, treat stormwater, improve farming techniques, use organic fertilizer, avoid detergents with phosphates 26 27 Oligotrophic Changing to Eutrophic 28 Eutrophication Oligotrophic: nutrient-poor water 29 Natural Vs. Cultural Eutrophication 30 Combating Eutrophication 31 Combating Eutrophication 32 Excess nutrients Ocean – dead zone Lakes – Eutrophication 33 Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone 34 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 35 Organic Matter (also called oxygen demanding waste) 36 Oxygen Sag Curve Clean Zone DO high BOD low Pollution enters stream 37 Pathogens Sources - human and animal waste (fecal matter) 38 39 Global ProblemsAccording to the World Health Organization, an estimated 1.1 billion people (1/6 of pop) do not have access to safe drinking waterDiarrheal diseases kill around 3.1 million people globally each year,mostly children in developing countries. 40 Heavy Metals Sources - natural deposits (arsenic, mercury, etc) 41 Health EffectsLead and mercury are poisonous. Mercury exposure to developing fetuses in pregnant women has been linked to a variety of conditions such as mental retardations, cerebral palsy, and developing delays, causes kidney disorders and several damage the nervous and cardiovascular systems.Low levels of mercury in the brain cause neurological problems such as headache, depression, and quarrelsome behavior. 42 Heavy Metals: Mercury & Lead 43 World Mercury production 44 Arsenic - a Natural Threat 45 Synthetic Organic Compounds 46 Pesticides Developed during WWII Herbicides, fungicides, insecticides 47 Pharmaceuticals Very common in US streams Chrono cross disc 2 psx iso download pc. 48 Military compounds Perchlorates In soil from rocket fuel 49 Industrial compoundsCuyahoga River in OH caught fire several times in 50’s and 60’s – mostly from industrial wastePCB’s – polychlorinated biphenylsTo make plastic, insulation,Lethal, persistent, bioaccumulatesDump into rivers – settles in sedimentsIn 2009, GE finally dredge river from dumpingNo longer manufactured/used in USBanned by Stockholm Convention in 2001PBDE’s - polybrominated diphyenyl ethersFlame retardantsBrain damageBanned in EU and several states 50 Acid RainSources - burning fossil fuels (SOx, NOx), especially coal (SOx)In the eastern US, most acid rain is caused by SO2 from coal burningIn So. Cal, most acid rain is caused by NOx emissions from carsNOx + SOX + H2O H2SO4 and HNO3EffectsLoss of the most sensitive species first (very young, very old)Increased leaching of metal from sedimentLoss of biodiversity food web disruptionHNO3 can also cause eutrophicationIndicatorsNormal rain is around , acid rain is below 5.5Reduced pH in water bodiesReduced soil pHReductionRemove SO2 and NOx from emissions before release (install scrubbers on power plants)Switching to less polluting alternative fuelsAdd lime to aquatic ecosystems to absorb H+ ions (expensive) 51 Acid Mine Drainage 52 Thermal PollutionSources - industry, power plants, reduced water flow, increased sedimentEffects – increased temperatures reduce the amount of oxygen the water can hold, thus reducing DO levels and causing fish killsIndicatorsIncreased water temperatureDecreased DOFish killsReduction - reduce runoff, cool water before releasing, maintain adequate water flow, maintain healthy riparian zones for shade 53 Sediment PollutionSources - erosion, runoff from farms, construction, mining, etcEffects – clogs waterways, blocks sunlight, may choke fish, increases water temperatures, fish killsIndicatorsIncreased turbidityIncreased temperaturesPossible decrease in DOReduction – protect/replace riparian habitat, minimize erosion, practice soil conservation strategies, maintain wetlands around water bodies 54 Noise Pollution Sounds travels better underwater than thru air 55 2 Right whale trying to find each other 56 Environmental Pollution Ppt57 Groundwater Pollution 58 Groundwater Pollution 59 Oil SpillsSources natural oil seeps 2. surface runoff 3. transport 4. extractionEffects – See case studiesIndicatorsPresence of oil byproducts including benzene, toluene, xylene, napthalene, benzo(a)pyreneReductionImprove safety standards for extracting and transporting oilPerform routine inspectionsRequire back-up systems and a disaster management plan in case of unexpected eventResearch oil spill cleanup techniques prior to a spill 60 Effects of Oil SpillsVolatile Organics Compounds (VOCs) immediately kill many aquatic organisms (especially plankton and larvae!)Floating oil coats birds and ocean mammals; reduces natural insulation and buoyancy, causing deathsHeavy oil sinks to ocean bottom and washes into estuaries where it contaminates crabs, oysters, mussels, clams, etc.Oil slicks on beaches harm intertidal life and cause economic losses to tourism and fishing industries© Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP Water Resources and Water Pollution by Paul Rich 61 62 Cleaning Up an Oil Spill 63 Oil Cleanup Options Place boom around containment & suck it up 64 Exxon Valdez Oil SpillMarch 24, 1989, tanker in Prince William Sound, Alaska, worst oil spill in U.S. watersThe most ecologically destructive oil spill in historyCoated 1,600 of shorelinekilled wildlife, and caused serious contaminationExxon spent billions for clean up and fines© Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP Water Resources and Water Pollution by Paul Rich 65 Deepwater Horizon, 2010 Pipe broke 1 mile deep Took 3 months to cap 66 Ocean PollutionThe only substance that is illegal to dump anywhere in the ocean is plasticNOAA Ocean Pollution 67 Solid WastePlastic pollution is a huge problem! 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Usually found in rural areas.Septic tank: receives waste water from the houseHarmful pathogens settle in sludge , decompose in tank or degraded by soil microbes in leach fieldThree layers develop:Scum - floatsSeptage Flows to leach fieldSludge-pumped out every 5-10 yrs.Leach field – pipes with small holesWastewater slowly seeps and is filtered and decomposedNutrients are recycled by other plants / organisms 72 Sewage TreatmentSewage includes all waste water that has been used by a household or industry.It does not include storm-water from road and property runoff, which is usually diverted directly into waterways.In some cities, sewage and storm-water systems may be partly combined, and sewage may overflow into storm-water during high rainfall.Trickling filters at a waste treatment plantSewage pipes discharging into a holding tank 73 74 Primary sewage treatment: a physical process that uses screens and a grit tank to remove large floating objects and allows settling.Secondary sewage treatment: a biological process in which aerobic bacteria remove as much as 90% of dissolved and biodegradable, oxygen demanding organic wastes.. 75 Disinfection Options Chlorine – the most common disinfectant 76 Problems with Waste Water Treatment 77 Animal Wastewater Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 78 Using Nature to Purify Sewage 79 Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment 80 Green Waste Water Modern waste water treatment plants expensive 81 Water Quality Laws 82 Clean Water ActThe Clean Water Act is a 1977 amendment to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972Set the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants in the USThe law gave EPA the authority to set water quality standards for industry and for all contaminants in surface watersDesigned to protect fishing, swimming and the ecosystem healthGoal: Make lakes & streams fishable & swimmable 83 Clean Water ActSets up the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)Regulates point sources of pollution by requiring a permit to discharge any pollutant into a navigable waterway.Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)sets daily limits for total pollutant discharges into impaired water bodies (on 303d list)Set based on the maximum pollution levels the water body can receive and still meet water quality standards Environmental Pollution Ppt Free Download84 85 Safe Drinking Water Act 86 Safe Drinking Water Act 87 88 Pollution in Developing Countries 89 India’s Ganges River: Religion, Poverty, and Health 90 India’s Ganges River: Religion, Poverty, and Health Advanced Search
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